Nymphal and adult biology of the red-shouldered stink bug, Thyanta perditor (F.), on cultivated and on wild plants.

Laboratory studies demonstrated that nymphs of Thyanta perditor (F.) completed their development on seed heads of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), and on immature and mature seeds of black jack (Bidens pilosa L.), whereas no nymphs passed to the third instar when fed with leaves of any plant evaluated. At adult emergency, fresh body weight of females and males was greater on seed heads of wheat and barley (range 59–77 mg) compared to adults reared on immature and mature seeds of black jack (36–51 mg). Survivorship of adults after 40days post eclosion on wheat seed heads, on green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) pods, and on maize (Zea mays L.) seeds was >80%, and was lower on barley seed heads (50%) and on soybean (Glycine max Merr.) pods (