Efeito de diferentes fontes de fitorreguladores na morfogênese de diferentes procedências e explantes de Jatropha Curcas L. cultivados in vitro

Orientador : Prof. Dr. Fernando GrossiDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Agrárias, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Florestal. Defesa: Curitiba, 02/09/2011Bibliografia: fls. 102-111Área de concentração : SilviculturaResumo: Jatropha curcas e uma especie florestal pertencente a familia Euphorbiaceae e conhecida popularmente como pinhao manso. Apesar de possuir elevado potencial para producao de biodiesel, ainda existem poucas informacoes e estudos a respeito da especie, inclusive quanto ao seu potencial de propagacao vegetativa. Para tanto, os objetivos deste trabalho foram o estabelecimento in vitro sob condicoes assepticas de diferentes explantes (epicotilos, hipocotilos, raizes e cotiledones) de Jatropha curcas em meio de cultura para a multiplicacao a partir de sementes de cinco procedencias germinadas in vitro. No primeiro experimento as sementes foram germinadas em meio de cultura Murashige e Skoog (MS) com a metade da concentracao de nutrientes e sem adicao de sacarose, onde foram avaliadas a desinfestacao e a germinacao das sementes de cada procedencia. Este experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Apos germinarem, as partes de cada plantula foram transferidas para meio de cultura Murashige e Skoog (MS) com diferentes fontes e concentracoes de fitorreguladores (benzilaminopurina, cinetina, thidiazuron, sulfato de adenina e acido indol butirico), combinados entre si, sendo este o segundo experimento, onde foram avaliados contaminacao e oxidacao dos explantes, alem de parametros qualitativos e quantitativos, como inducao de gemas e calos, coloracao de gemas e calos, textura de calos, numero e tamanho de gemas e peso de materia fresca e seca. Este experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com arranjo fatorial. No primeiro experimento, a desinfestacao foi eficiente em apenas duas das cinco procedencias estudadas, sendo que a contaminacao deu-se principalmente por fungos e tambem por bacterias, com porcentagem de contaminacao das procedencias variando de 0 a 85%; a germinacao aconteceu em duas das cinco procedencias, sendo que as porcentagens de germinacao variaram de 0 a 99,17%. No segundo experimento, pode-se verificar tanto contaminacao quanto oxidacao dos explantes aos sete dias de cultivo, havendo diferenca significativa entre procedencias, combinacoes de fitorreguladores e fontes de explante para ambas as avaliacoes. A porcentagem de explantes que induziram tanto gemas quanto calos variou significativamente para procedencias, combinacoes de fitorreguladores e fontes de explantes. A coloracao de gemas variou entre verde e amarela, a de calos entre creme, verde e marrom, e a textura de calos variou entre compacta e friavel, todos diferindo estatisticamente para procedencias, combinacoes de fitorreguladores e fontes de explante. Quanto as analises quantitativas, o numero de gemas apresentou os melhores resultados, de maneira geral, para a procedencia Santa Vitoria . MG, para a combinacao de fitorreguladores composta de meio MS com adicao de 27,8 ƒÊM de BAP e 0,5 ƒÊM de AIB e para explantes cotiledonares, com media de formacao de brotos por explante de 5,02, 10,92 e 7, respectivamente. Quanto ao tamanho dos brotos, houve variacao entre brotos pequenos (menores que 0,1 centimetro), medios (entre 0,1 e 1 cm) e grandes (maiores que 1 cm), sendo que a maioria dos brotos apresentou tamanho grande. Para as variaveis peso de massa fresca e seca, houve diferenca estatistica para procedencias, combinacoes de fitorreguladores e fontes de explante, sendo os maiores resultados, de maneira geral, apresentados pela procedencia Janauba . MG, pela combinacao de fitorreguladores composta de meio MS adicionado de 27,8 ƒÊM de BAP e 0,5 ƒÊM de AIB e pelo explantes do tipo hipocotilo.Abstract: Jatropha curcas is a forest specie that belongs to Euphorbiaceae family and is popularly known as physic nut. Despite having high potential for biodiesel production, there is little information and studies about the type, including the potential for vegetative propagation. To this end, the aim of the study were the establishment in vitro under aseptic conditions of different explants (epicotyls, hypocotyls, rootlets and cotyledons) of Jatropha curcas in culture medium for multiplication from seeds of five provenances germinated in vitro. At the first experiment, the seeds were germinated in culture medium Murashige and Skoog (MS) with half strength of nutrients and without addition of sucrose, which were evaluated disinfestation and germination of seeds from each origin. This experiment was conducted in completely randomized design. After germination, the parts of each seedling were transferred to complete culture medium Murashige and Skoog (MS) with different sources and concentrations of growth regulators (benzylaminopurine, kinetin, thidiazuron, adenine sulfate and indol butiric acid), interconnected, being this the second experiment, where were evaluated contamination and oxidation of explants as well as qualitative and quantitative parameters, such as bud and callus induction, color of buds and callus, callus texture, size and number of buds and fresh and dry weight. This experiment was conducted in completely randomized design with factorial arrangement. In the first experiment, the disinfection was effective in only two of the five origins that were studied, and the contamination was mainly by fungi and bacteria also, with a percentage of the origins of contamination ranging from 0 to 85%; germination happens in two of five origins, and the percentages of germination ranged from 0 to 99,17%. In the second experiment, could be verified that both oxidation and contamination of the explants happened in the seventh day of cultivation, with statistical difference between the origins, combinations of growth regulators and explant sources for both evaluations. The percentage of explants that induced buds and callus varied significantly for origins, combinations of growth regulators and sources of explants. The color of buds ranged from green to yellow, the color of callus ranged from cream, green and brown, and the texture of callus ranged from compact and friable, all statistically different for origins, combinations of growth regulators and sources of explant. As to quantitative analysis, the number of buds that showed the best results, in general, happened for the origin Santa Vitoria . MG, to the combination of growth regulators composed by MS medium with addition of 27.8 ƒÊM of BAP and 0.5 ƒÊMof IBA, and for cotyledonary explants, with an average of formation of shoots per explant of 5.02, 10.92 and 7, respectively. As for the size of the shoots, this ranged from small seedlings (less than 0.1 cm), medium (between 0.1 and 1 cm) and large (greater than 1 cm), in which the majority of the shoots had small size. For the variables fresh weight and dry weight, there was statistical difference for origins, combinations of growth regulators and sources of explant, being the results, in general, presented for the origin Janauba . MG, for the combination of growth regulators compound by MS medium supplemented with 27.8 ƒÊM of BAP and 0.5 ƒÊM of IBA, and for hypocotyls explants type