An innovative Braille alphabet teaching tool for visually impaired individuals based on advanced tactile embossed 3D graphics

In this paper, tactile tiles for teaching Braille alphabet were created using three different 3D printing techniques. This research was conducted in relation to the target population and their specific need, with expert co-operation, as well regarding the possibilities of devices that may be used for creation of 3D plates for achieving optimal results. Recent developments in 3D printing technology enable researchers to experiment with new approaches towards the creation of new tools for teaching the Braille alphabet. It is important to examine the Braille lettering standards, capabilities of 3D printers and, in cooperation with experts who work with the visually impaired, discuss the design and functionality of the created tiles. In this research, a set of 3D printed tiles has been created, each divided into three main parts. The first part of the tile shows a basic Braille letter. This is followed by a corresponding embossed model of an object that correlates to the first letter of the word. The third section consists of the entire word corresponding to the embossed model at the bottom of the tile in Braille writing. Tiles are standardized by size and part position for corresponding letters of the alphabet and words describing the embossed model. It has been proven that the developed tiles are an appreciable additional tool for visually impaired individuals, as was affirmed through surveys. Several iterations of tiles have been printed with multiple 3D printers, with the purpose of determining optimal settings required for producing the best possible product prototype