REDEFINED ROLE OF FRONTEX AND PRIVATE SECURITY COMPANIES AS NEW ACTORS IN MIGRANT CRISIS MANAGEMENT

U radu se analizira uloga Agencije za europsku graničnu i obalnu stražu (Frontex) i privatnih sigurnosnih kompanija u kontekstu upravljanja migrantskim krizama. Iako su uloge tih aktera bitno različite, oni u sustavu upravljanja migrantskim krizama imaju sve značajniju ulogu, te njihovo djelovanje u novije vrijeme obilježavaju određene nove odnosno promijenjene okolnosti. U pogledu Frontexa te se nove okolnosti odnose na legislativno redefiniranje njegovog pravnog statusa i nadležnosti, ostvareno donošenjem Uredbe (EU) 2016/1624. U pogledu privatnih sigurnosnih kompanija nove se okolnosti odnose na činjenicu da ih u posljednjem razdoblju zamjetno značajnije angažiraju države i međunarodne institucije s ciljem provođenja određenih aktivnosti unutar sustava upravljanja migrantskim krizama. S obzirom na to svrsishodan je i aktualan pravni prikaz njihovog statusa i uloge. U prvom dijelu rada analizira se Frontex kao dio sustava europske granične i obalne straže. Njegova uloga je važna u pogledu učinkovitog nadzora vanjskih granica Europske unije, a što predstavlja iznimno važan element upravljanja migrantskim krizama. Uz prikaz nastanka Frontexa, njegovog pravnog okvira i ustrojstva, analiziraju se ključne teme koje su ujedno izazovi operativnog djelovanja Frontexa (uloga u pogledu sprečavanja prekograničnog kriminaliteta, identificiranja i povrata nezakonitih migranata i poštovanja temeljnih prava migranata). U drugom dijelu rada analizira se uloga privatnih sigurnosnih kompanija u procesu upravljanja migrantskim krizama, te šira uloga industrije privatnih vojnih i sigurnosnih kompanija u vezi zaštite granica, migrantske krize i javno-privatnog partnerstva. Poseban naglasak stavlja se na loše primjere upravljanja australskim migrantskim prihvatnim centrima. Zaključno se razmatraju relevantni dokumenti i preporuke u vezi pravila postupanja privatnih sigurnosnih kompanija prilikom pružanja privatnih usluga u vezi upravljanja migrantskom krizom.The paper analyzes the role of Frontex and private security companies in the context of migrant crisis management. Although the roles of said actors are different, their role in the migrant crisis management is ever-more important, and their operation is recently marked with new and redefined circumstances. With regard Frontex, the new circumstances are reflected through the redefinition of its legal status and jurisdiction in the Regulation (EU) 2016/1624. With regard the private security companies, the new circumstances are visible through their increased contracting with state and international governmental organizations with regard services within the migrant crisis management structure. The noted changes necessitate and actualize a need to examine the role and status of noted actors. The first part of paper analyzes the Frontex as a part of the EBCG system. Its role is important with regard the effective surveillance of EU external borders, what constitutes an important segment of migrant crisis management. Including the historical outline of Frontex creation and internal organization, all other key elements related to the Frontex activities and challenges are also elaborated (preventing cross-border crime, identifying and returning illegal migrants, respecting the fundamental rights of migrants). The second part of paper analyzes the role of private security companies in the process of migrant crisis management, and the broader role of security industry with regard the border protection, migrant crisis and public-private partnerships. A special focus is devoted to the bad examples of Australian migrant management centers. The concluding remarks examine the relevant documents and guidelines with regard the performance of private security companies in relation to the migrant crisis management