Antimikrobna rezistencija bakterija Escherichia coli izoliranih iz zdravih pasa u Litvi

The objective of this study was to establish the prevalence and antimicrobial resistant patterns of commensal Escherichia coli isolated from healthy dogs. In total, 55 rectal swabs from clinically healthy dogs, kept outside (n = 20), and inside a house (n = 20) and from dogs kept at an animal shelter (n = 15), were collected for isolation of Escherichia coli. Resistance patterns to 11 antimicrobial agents were tested using E-test (Epsilometer test) to determine the MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration). Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (M-PCR) amplification was used to detect selected genes conferring resistance to beta-lactams, tetracycline, aminoglycoside, sulphanilamide, quinolone, and phenicol classes of antimicrobial agents. Forty-eight E. coli strains were isolated from 55 (87.3%) dogs. Multi-drug resistance was present in 38% of resistant isolates. E. coli isolates showed the highest resistance rates to streptomycin (85.1%), ampicillin (77.1%), sulfamethoxazole (70.8%) and tetracycline (64.6%). The isolates were most sensitive to enrofloxacin (87.5%) and chloramphenicol (72.9%). Bacterial resistance genes were determined to tetracycline (tet) (9.7%) trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (dfrA1) (16.7%,), and chloramphenicol (catA1) (5.5%). In general, the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in E. coli isolates from shelter dogs population was higher than in those from dogs kept inside and outside (P<0.05). Companion animals in Lithuania are important reservoirs of resistant Escherichia coli strains. Only appropriate use of antimicrobials can minimize the spread of resistant bacteria among healthy and diseased animals and humans.Cilj ovoga istraživanja bio je utvrditi prevalenciju i antimikrobno rezistentne oblike komenzalne bakterije Escherichia coli, izolirane iz zdravih pasa. Za izolaciju bakterija Escherichia coli korišteno je ukupno 55 briseva rektuma zdravih pasa od kojih je jedna skupina držana na otvorenom (n = 20), jedna skupina u kući (n = 20), a jedna je skupina držana u skloništu za životinje (n = 15). Analiza oblika rezistencije na 11 antimikrobnih sredstava provedena je E-testom (test Epsilometar) za određivanje minimalne inhibitorne koncentracije (MIK). Multipleks reakcija lančanom polimerazom (M-PCR) upotrijebljena je za pronalaženje odabranih gena odgovornih za otpornost na beta-laktame, tetraciklin, aminoglikozid, sulfanilamid, kinolon i fenikol klase antimikrobnih sredstava. Od 55 pasa izolirano je 48 sojeva (87,3 %) E. coli. Višestruka otpornost na lijekove bila je prisutna u 38 % rezistentnih izolata. Izolati E. coli pokazali su najveću stopu rezistencije na streptomicin (85,1 %), ampicilin (77,1 %), sulfametoksazol (70,8 %) i tetraciklin (64,6 %). Najveća osjetljivost izolata utvrđena je na enrofloksacin (87,5 %) i kloramfenikol (72,9 %). Bakterijski geni za otpornost određeni su za tetraciklin (tet) (9,7 %) trimetoprim/sulfametoksazol (dfrA1) (16,7 %) i kloramfenikol (catA1) (5,5 %). Općenito, prevalencija antimikrobne rezistencije izolata E. coli iz skupine pasa držanih u skloništima bila je veća nego kod pasa držanih u kući ili na otvorenom (P