Autonomy in sport - compulsoriness of international sport committees sport rules at a national level

Utvrđivanje pravila leži u samom biću sporta. Može se čak reći da pravni poredak dopušta samo onu sportsku aktivnost koja se odvija prema utvrđenim pravilima. Sa ovim je većinom povezano i osnivanje udruženja i saveza za konkretan sport. Priznavanje sporta od strane javnih vlasti kao prostora prepuštenog autonomnom regulisanju od strane sportskih organizacija, daje sportskim pravilima poseban značaj. Da bi, međutim, autonomija sportskih organizacija bila komplementarna sa ulogom javnih vlasti u oblasti sporta, ona se mora temeljiti na principima demokratije, solidarnosti i dobrog upravljanja u sportu, uz očuvanje nezavisnosti sportskog pokreta od svake političke i ekonomske manipulacije, uključujući i preteranu komercijalizaciju. Kako se savremeni sport dominanto temelji na piramidalnoj strukturi, odnosno federalnom sistemu koji se bazira na priznatim sportskim savezima (federacijama) organizovanim na nacionalnom i međunarodnom nivou po principu „jedna sport jedan savez“, to je sasvim razumljivo da su sportska pravila koja donosi sportski savez koji je na međunarodnom nivou na vrhu piramide, i ima monopolski položaj, kako potpora autonomnom funkcionisanju celokupnog sistema određenog sporta tako i veliki ograničavajući faktor u ostvarivanju autonomnog odlučivanja na nižim nivoima sportskog organizovanja. Upravo pomoću sportskih pravila, koja često propisuju ozbiljne sankcije, međunarodni sporski savezi nastoje da očuvaju svoj dominantni status. Autor u radu razmatra pravnu prirodu i pravnu obaveznost sportskih pravila međunarodnih sportskih saveza na nacionalnom nivou, kako za sportske organizacije tako i javne vlasti i pravosudne organe. Autor posebno ukazuje na problem tzv. dinamičkog upućivanja na sportska pravila međunarodnih sportskih saveza kroz statutarne odredbe nacionalnih i nižih sportskih saveza, i na stav nemačke sudske prakse o nedopuštenosti takvog načina obezbeđenja pravne obaveznosti međunarodnih sportskih pravila na nacionalnom nivou.Establishing rules lies at the heart of sport. Furthermore, it can be said that legal order allows only such sporting activity that is carried out according to defined rules. This is mostly followed by foundation of associations and organisations dedicated to particular sport. Acknowledging sport by the public authorities as a space suitable for autonomous arrangement of sports organisations gives special importance to sports rules. However, in order to have autonomy of sports organisations complementary to the role of public authority in the area of sport, it must be grounded in the principles of democracy, solidarity and good management in sport keeping sport independent of any political or economic manipulation including excessive commercialisation. Since contemporary sport is dominantly based on pyramidal structure or federal system based upon recognised sports associations (federations) organised at national and international level by the principle „one sport – one association“, it is quite understandable that sports rules adopted by sports association ranked at international level on the top of the pyramid have monopolistic position as a support for autonomous functioning of whole system of particular sport, as well as considerable limiting factor in making autonomous decisions at lower levels of sports organising. Sports associations use sports rules often followed by serious sanctions to preserve their dominant status. In his paper, the author considers legal nature and legal enforceability of international sports rules at national level for sports organisations, public authorities, as well as judiciary. The author particularly points out to the problem of so-called dynamic addressing to sports rules of international sports associations through statutory provisions of national and lower sports associations and the position of German case-law on impossibility of such way to provide legal obligatoriness of international sports rules at the national level