Symbolism on Croatian Banovac Coins

U 13. stoljeću u Hrvatskoj se počinje kovati novi tip novca, srebrni denar. Na jednoj njegovoj strani prikazana je kuna u trku, a na drugoj su strani dvije sučeljene okrunjene glave između kojih se nalazi dvostruki (patrijarhalni) križ. Početak toga kovanja pripisuje se Beli IV. (III.). U literaturi se taj novac naziva „slavonski banovac” iako ga nisu kovali samo banovi. Prvi nose i natpis „MONETA B REGIS P SCLAVONIA” (kovanice Bele kralja za Slavoniju). Kuju ga zapravo oni koji u vrijeme kovanja upravljaju Slavonijom - kralj, herceg (princ prijestolonasljednik), kraljica, banovi. U suvremenim dokumentima taj se novac naziva banskim denarom. Kovanje banovaca prestaje u drugoj polovici 14. st. (Rengjeo, 1939.; Truhelka, 1897.; Dolenec, 1993.; Mimica, 1995.). U tom razdoblju iskovano je više od 400 vrsta i podvrsta banovaca (Mirnik, 1992.: 185). U ovom sam časopisu objavio seriju članaka o simbolici kune, koja se nalazi na aversu tog novca (Benažić, 2001., 2002., 2003., 2004., 2005., 2006., 2007.). Ovdje ću opisati revers na kojem se nalaze dvije okrunjene glave, a između njih se nalazi dvostruki, patrijarhalni križ na postolju. Namjeravam pokazati da su ta dva prikaza, avers i revers, povezani i da čine jedan zajednički simbolički prikaz.which on one side had the representation of a running marten and on the other two facing crowned heads flanking a double (patriarchal) cross. The beginning of its minting is attributed to King Bela IV(III). In literature these coins are called „Slavonian banovac” although they were not minted only by bans, and the early ones have the inscription MONETA B REGIS P SCLAVONIA (coins of Bela the King for Slavonia). They were in fact minted by whoever governed Slavonia at the time of their coinage – king, herceg (crown prince), queen, ban. In contemporary documents these coins are called the banal denar so that was why they were given the name banovac. Minting the banovac stopped during the second half of the fourteenth century (Renđeo, 1939; Truhelka, 1897; Dolenec, 1993; Mimica, 1995). In this period more than 400 types and subtypes of the banovac were minted (Mirnik, 1992 : 185). In Numizmatičke vijesti the author has already written a series of articles about the symbolism of the marten, which appears on the obverse of these coins (Benažić: 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007), and is now dealing with its reverse which has two crowned heads flaking a double patriarchal cross on a stand. He attempts to show that the two images, the obverse and the reverse, are connected and that they make one common symbolical representation