The interplay of cognitive conflicts and memory

Research consistently shows that task switching slows down performance on switch compared to repeat trials, but the consequences on memory are not clear. In the present study, we investigated the impact of task switching on subsequent memory performance. Participants had to switch between two semantic classification tasks. In Experiment 1 the stimuli were univalent, in Experiment 2 the stimuli were bivalent (relevant for both tasks). In both experiments, recognition memory for switch and repeat stimuli was tested subsequently. During encoding, task switching produced switch costs. Critically, subsequent memory was lower for switch compared to repeat stimuli in both experiments, and this effect was increased in Experiment 2 with bivalent material. We suggest that the requirement to switch tasks hurts the encoding of stimulus-specific information. Thus, cognitive conflicts produced by task switching and stimulus bivalency impair subsequent memory performance