Effect of maternal metabolism on fetal supply: Glucose, non-esterified fatty acids and beta-hydroxybutyrate concentrations in canine maternal serum and fetal fluids at term pregnancy.

The progressive adaptations in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism during canine pregnancy are reflected in the concentrations of glucose, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB). The levels of these metabolites in the bitch likely affect fetal concentrations and the composition of amniotic and allantoic fluids (AMF and ALF, respectively). We studied 31 canine parturitions (Cesarean sections) and found that glucose, NEFA and BHB concentrations were significantly higher in maternal serum than in AMF or ALF. Glucose levels in maternal serum, AMF and ALF were closely related (R ≥ 0.821, P 10% LW/BW had significantly higher serum NEFA and BHB concentrations. Glucose in AMF and ALF was independent of LW/BW (P ≥ 0.399). AMF NEFA was lower and BHB higher, if LW/BW was >10% (P ≤ 0.048). In conclusion, the extent of the metabolic load of pregnancy in bitches depends on breed size and on the ratio of litter weight to dam's body weight. Maternal concentrations of glucose, BHB and NEFA determine the concentrations of these metabolites in fetal fluids