Administração transmucosa oral de analgésicos: eficácia pós-operatória em cadelas

Analgesic efficacy of oral transmucosal or intravenous administration of ketamine (2 mg/kg), tramadol (2 mg/kg), dipyrone (30 mg/kg) and meloxicam (0.2 mg/kg) was evaluated in postsurgical pain of 128 mongrel bitches undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy (OSH) randomically allocated in eight groups: GKO and GKI- ketamine oral or IV, GTO and GTI – tramadol oral or IV, GDO and GDIdipyrone oral or IV and GMO and GMI – meloxicam oral or IV administrated at the start of abdominal suture. Heart (HR) and respiratory rate (RR), body temperature (BT) and pupil diameter were evaluated and, also, the general receptivity (RG), response to abdominal palpation (RPA) and response to surgical wound palpation (RPW). In addition were evaluated locomotion, food and water intake, urine and faeces production. The physiological and behavioral pain parameters were scored from zero to 30 points (zero means absence and 30 maximum pain). Evaluations were performed at the preoperative period and at the first followed by three, six, 12 and 24 hours of the postoperative period. The generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to compare the data between groups (p≤0,05 - R software version 3.0.1). The GDO and GKO average pain scores were 4.70 and 6.70 points, respectively. The GTO and GMO average pain score were 12.30 and 11.86 points, respectively. Although GDO and GKO have presented lower average pain scores compared to GTO and GMO the analgesic efficacy of tramadol and meloxicam at 24 hours was better compared to dipyrone and ketamine. It is concluded that dipyrone and ketamine administered transmucosal oral produced analgesia, for bitches OSH procedure, since the first hour until 24 hours. Tramadol and meloxicam also provided postoperative analgesia but with late onset when compared to ketamine and dipyroneAvaliou-se a eficácia analgésica pós-operatória da cetamina (2 mg/kg), tramadol (2 mg/kg), dipirona (30 mg/kg) e meloxicam (0,2 mg/kg) em 128 cadelas, com peso variando de nove a 13 quilos submetidas à ovariosalpingohisterectomia eletiva. Utilizou-se a via transmucosa oral como objetivo da pesquisa e a via intravenosa como grupo controle. Para tal, quatro grupos com 20 cadelas foram formados e assim denominados de acordo com o fármaco testado e via de administração; para a via tranasmucosa oral; (cetamina-GKO; tramadol- GTO; dipirona-GDO e meloxicam-GMO) e outros quatro grupos com 12 cadelas pra a via intravenosa (cetamina-GKI; tramadol-GTI; dipirona-GDI e meloxicam-GMI). Foram avaliadas as frequências cardíaca e respiratória, temperatura corporal e diâmetro pupilar. Para avaliar o efeito analgésico analisou-se a receptividade geral- RG; receptividades à palpação do abdômen-RPA e da ferida cirúrgica-RPF. Estabeleceram-se escores de dor (eDor - zero a 30 pontos), onde zero representava a ausência de dor e 30 pontos, a dor máxima. Complementarmente anotaram-se a atividade locomotora voluntaria, atos de defecar e urinar, ingestão de alimento e de água. Os períodos de avaliação foram: pré-operatório (PO); primeira hora do pósoperatório (M1h) e, subsequentemente, as três, seis, 12 e 24 horas (M3h, M6h, M12h e M24h). Os dados foram analisados comparando-se os grupos pelo modelo de equações de estimação generalizada (GEE; p