Practice patterns for prophylaxis and treatment of venous thromboembolism in German cancer patients

\(\textbf {Background:}\) Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a serious threat for cancer patients. Guidelines recommend low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) for prophylaxis and treatment, but it is unknown to what extent specialists adhere to these recommendations. This survey assesses the current approach to patients with cancer-associated VTE in Germany. \(\textbf {Materials and Methods:}\) A questionnaire was sent out to members of the DGHO (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Hämatologie und Onkologie), the BNHO Berufsverband Niedergelassener Hämatologen und Onkologen) and the DGP (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Phlebologie). For most questions, more than 1 answer was possible; therefore, the total sum of percentages may exceed 100%. \(\textbf {Results:}\) 275 specialists responded. 76% of them treat acute VTE with LMWH while 22% switch to oral treatments (vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) or non-VKA oral anticoagulants (NOACs)) during the acute phase. For the next 3–6 months, 55% of the specialists continue LMWH, while 31% switch to VKAs and 33% to NOACs. Among those who continue LMWH for 3–6 months, 37% continue at the full dose, 26% reduce to 75% of the initial dose, and 40% even to 50%. Important factors guiding treatment decisions were the need for injections and the availability of a partner/spouse (LMWH), the need for laboratory controls (VKAs), and the number of other oral medications (NOACs). \(\textbf {Conclusion:}\) This survey reveals that practice patterns often do not follow the guideline recommendations with respect to the use of LMWH for long-term treatment of VTE in cancer patients