Multiple morbidities in pregnancy: Time for research, innovation, and action

Progress indicators in maternal health in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) continue to fall below international standards despite Millennium Development Goal commitments and Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) aspirations [1]. While maternal mortality has fallen by 44% globally since 1990, many countries will struggle to meet the SDG target of fewer than 70 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births by 2030 [2]. Despite substantial efforts, globally over 300,000 women still die each year during pregnancy, childbirth, or the postpartum period, mostly from preventable causes. The burden of morbidity and mortality is inequitable, with vulnerable and marginalized populations at greatest risk. Although this burden disproportionately occurs in LMICs, it also affects increasing numbers of women in some high-income countries [3]. Improved counts of so-called indirect causes highlight the importance of nonobstetric morbidity during pregnancy, contributing around one-third of maternal deaths in LMICs [4]. Indirect causes include the effects of infections, noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), and mental health disorders. These highly prevalent conditions overlap and co-occur such that many women experience multimorbidity during and around pregnancy