The effect of trauma-focused therapy on the altered T cell distribution in individuals with PTSD: Evidence from a randomized controlled trial

Morath J, Gola H, Sommershof A, et al. The effect of trauma-focused therapy on the altered T cell distribution in individuals with PTSD: Evidence from a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Psychiatric Research. 2014;54:1-10.Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with a reduced ratio of naive cytotoxic T lymphocytes, an increased ratio of memory cytotoxic T lymphocytes, and a reduced proportion of FoxP3(+) regulatory T lymphocytes. This study investigated whether these immunological alterations are reversible through an evidence-based psychotherapeutic treatment. Therefore, 34 individuals with PTSD were randomly assigned to either a treatment condition of 12 sessions narrative exposure therapy (NET) or a waitlist control (WLC) group. PTSD symptoms were significantly reduced in the NET group, but not in the WLC group, four months post-therapy (effect size: Hedges' g = -1.61). One year after therapy, PTSD symptoms were improved even further in the NET group compared to baseline (Hedges' g = -1.96). This symptom improvement was mirrored in an increase in the originally reduced proportion of regulatory T cells (T-regs) in the NET group at the one-year follow-up, when comparing subgroups matched for baseline T-reg numbers. However, no changes were found for the initially reduced proportion of CD45RA(+)CCR7(+) naive T lymphocytes. In conclusion, NET was effective in reducing trauma-related PTSD symptoms and had a positive effect on the proportion of T-regs cells, thus demonstrating an effect of psychotherapy on an immunological level. Yet, the shift in the proportion of naive and memory T lymphocytes in individuals with PTSD, discussed in the literature as a correlate of premature immunosenescence, was not reversible and thus might render these patients permanently more susceptible to infectious diseases. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved