Memory

Schack T. Memory. In: Eklund RC, Tenenbaum G, eds. Encyclopedia of Sport and Exercise Psychology. Thousand Oaks: Sage; 2014: 426-429.Memory is a cognitive module in action organization in which information about objects, movements, events, environmental elements, and the action-related constellations between these entities are stored. Memory could be described as well as a process by which such information about the aforementioned elements are encoded, consolidated, stored, and recalled for use in attaining action goals. The structural organization of memory is based on units, categories, and expertise-dependent order formation and is therefore strongly related to learning processes. The study of human memory has a long history, making it one of the oldest and most investigated topics in psychology. The initial scientific studies of memory are usually ascribed to Hermann Ebbinghaus's work in 1885. He investigated the serial learning and forgetting of new information (nonsense syllables) and described the speed of forgetting by formulating the so-called forgetting curve. William James was the first scientist to address the topic of structure primary ..