Integrating pre-game rituals and pre-performance routines in a culture-specific context: Implications for sport psychology consultancy

Hagan Jr. JE, Schack T. Integrating pre-game rituals and pre-performance routines in a culture-specific context: Implications for sport psychology consultancy. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology. 2017;15(1):1-14.Common unorthodox pre-game rituals (PGR) are prevalent in sports, especially soccer, in Ghana and other Sub-Saharan states, yet research literature on how to draw valuable insights from these superstitious rituals to optimize sport performance are sparse. This conceptualized article highlights the conceptual differences between PGR and pre-performance routines based on scientific descriptions, empirical studies, and particular field observations. We then present the determinants and theoretical underpinnings of these behaviours. The manifestations of PGR in different forms during preparatory phases prior to competitive fixtures are also captured. The article concludes by throwing light on how sport psychology consultancy could tap into some of these unique ritualistic cultural practices by incorporating them as part of formalized pre-performance routines. Additionally, suggestions are made regarding possible future research using an intervention approach to empirically test the functions and efficacy of these localized practices