Actuating Textiles: Next Generation of Smart Textiles

Smart textiles have been around for some decades. Even if interactivity is central to most definitions, the emphasis so far has been on the stimuli/ input side, comparatively little has been reported on the responsive/output part. This study discusses the actuating, mechanical, output side in what could be called a second generation of smart textiles—this in contrast to a first generation of smart textiles devoted to sensorics. This mini review looks at recent progress within the area of soft actuators and what from there that is of relevance for smart textiles. It is found that typically still forces exerted are small, so are strains for many of the actuators types (such as electroac- tive polymers) that could be considered for textile integration. On the other side, it is argued that for many classes of soft actuators—and, in the exten- sion, soft robotics—textiles could play an important role. The potential of weaving for stress and knitting for strain amplification is shown. Textile processing enables effective production, as is analyzed. Textile systems are made showing automatic actuation asked for in stand-alone solutions. It is envisioned that soft exoskeletons could be an achievable goal for this second generation of smart textiles