AKSESIBILITAS PENYANDANG DISABILITAS TERHADAP LAYANAN TRANSPORTASI PUBLIK

ABSTRAK Endang Sri Wahyuni. S021308026. 2016. Aksesibilitas Penyandang Disabilitas terhadap Layanan Transportasi Publik. TESIS. Pembimbing I: Prof. Bhisma Murti, dr., MPH, M.Sc, Ph.D, Pembimbing II: Prof. Dr. Hermanu Joebagio, M. Pd. Program Studi Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat. Program Pasca Sarjana, Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta. Latar Belakang: Menurut data Kementrian Sosial Republik Indonesia (2009), total penduduk penyandang disabilitas di Indonesia mencapai 1.541.942 orang. Mereka menghadapi kendala dalam mengakses layanan publik khususnya transportasi untuk menunjang aktivitas kehidupan mereka sehari-hari. Salah satu penyebabnya adalah hambatan arsitektural sarana transportasi. Berdasarkan UU No 4 Tahun 1997 dan UU No 25 Tahun 2009 tentang pelayanan publik, pemerintah telah menjanjikan kemudahan dalam aksesibilitas bagi penyandang disabilitas. Namun, ketersediaan sarana dan prasarana ramah difabel masih jauh dari harapan sehingga mereka kehilangan hak untuk mendapatkan pelayanan yang setara dengan warga negara lainnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis aksesibilitas user, hambatan dan solusi alternatif provider. Subjek dan Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif eksploratif. Data yang terkumpul didapatkan melalui wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi kepada user (penyandang disabilitas fisik serta mental) dan provider (Kasi Angkutan Orang, Dinas Perhuhungan Komunikasi Informasi dan Transportasi Kota Surakarta). Teknik analisis data menggunakan metode triangulasi sumber data, teori, dan metodologi. Hasil: Secara arsitektural, aksesibilitas sarana prasarana transportasi publik sudah tersedia untuk penyandang disabilitas di Kota Surakarta akan tetapi belum semuanya sesuai dengan standar aksesibilitas yang ditetapkan. Hambatan provider berupa fokus dan komitmen pemerintah, penerapan kebijakan, dukungan dari pihak/lembaga terkait, adanya anggapan transportasi bukan merupakan masalah prioritas, dan keterbatasan alokasi dana. Solusi alternatif yang telah dilakukan provider meliputi konsultasi dan koordinasi dengan instansi terkait, penerapan standar operasional prosedur rapid transit system dan membangun shelter portable di tempat dengan lahan terbatas. Kesimpulan: Kolaborasi antara penyandang disabilitas dan dinas terkait diperlukan untuk mengatasi keterbatasan aksesibilitas transportasi publik bagi penyandang disabilitas dalam mewujudkan pelayanan transportasi publik yang ramah dan berkeadilan. Kata Kunci: Aksesibilitas, Penyandang Disabilitas, PelayananPublik, Transportasi ABSTRACT Endang Sri Wahyuni. S021308026. 2016. Public Transport Accessibility for Disabled People. Thesis. Supervisor I: Prof. Bhisma Murti, dr., MPH, M.Sc, Ph.D, Supervisor II: Prof. Dr. Hermanu Joebagio, M. Pd. Public Health Study Program. Postgraduate Program, Sebelas Maret University of Surakarta. Background: According to Indonesian Social Ministry in 2009, the total number of disabled people has reached 1.541.942. They encounter some problems when access public services especially transportation to do their daily activities. One of the causes is due to architectural barriers. Based on the Indonesian Law No. 4 in 1997 and No. 25 in 2009 about public services, the Government has promised to provide sufficiently facilities for disabled people. However, the provided facilities still remain inconvenient. Therefore, disabled people lose an opportunity to access public transportation as equal as normal people. The aim of this study was to analyze the public transport accessibility for disabled people, problems and alternative solutions which were performed by the public transport service. Subjects and Methods: A qualitative explorative study was performed in this study. Collected data were obtained from people who have physical and mental disabilities and the Head Division of Public Transport Service Bureau in Surakarta by interview, observation and documentation. Data generated in this study were analyzed using the triangulation method such as data source, theory and methodology. Results: Architecturally, sufficient numbers ofaccessible facilitiesof public transport for disabled people have been provided by the local government of Surakarta. However, some facilities are bellow the established standards for disabled people. The Public Transport Service Bureauclaimed that the main causes of inconvenient facilities are due to less focus and support from the local government, low implementation of the public service regulation, less support from involved institution and third party, low priority for providing facilities of public transport services and limited budget. Therefore, the Public Transport Service Bureauhas made alternative solutions to overcome these problems like consultation and coordination amongs transportation providers, implementation of standard operation procedure of rapid transit systemand providing portable shelters in limited available spaces. Conclusions: Collaboration between disabled people and public transport providers are required for overcoming in adequate accessibility of public transport for disabled people in order to provide better and equal public transportation. Keywords: Accessibility, Disabled People, Public Service, Transportatio