The prevalence and predictors of female sexual dysfunction. A systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective To assess the prevalence and predictors of sexual dysfunction (FSD) among general populations of reproductive age women Methods We performed a systematic review of current literature on FSD from January 2000 until July 2014 (protocol registration: CRD42014009526). Observational studies which assessed the prevalence of female sexual dysfunction were sought in relevant databases. The primary outcome of interest was the prevalence of female sexual dysfunction in general populations of women age 49 and below. The secondary outcome was to determine significant predictors of female sexual dysfunction. Publications which reported the prevalence rate for at least one domain of female sexual dysfunction, according to DSM IV, were included. A first-ever meta-analysis was performed which integrated absolute numbers for prevalence rates and a quality score. Results Out of the 9292 results from the literature search, 183 international studies fulfilled all inclusion criteria for the systematic review; of these, 94 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Using a quality-weighted meta-analysis, the prevalence of female sexual dysfunction was estimated to be 23% [95% CI: 11% to 38%]. Significant risk factors of FSD tend to be older age, low education, unemployment, depression, multiparity, chronic illness and menopause. Good physical health, regular exercise, liberal attitudes towards sex, moderate alcohol consumption, sex education and masturbation have been shown to have significant protective effects. Conclusion Since the last systematic review on FSD in 2004, population-based studies on FSD have increased in number and grown more varied in their cultural settings. The estimate of the prevalence of female sexual dysfunction is lower than the frequently cited estimate of 43%. Identifying significant predictors of FSD may aid health professionals in determining at-risk populations