Spectroscopic Observations Of Sn 2012fr: A Luminous, Normal Type Ia Supernova With Early High-Velocity Features And A Late Velocity Plateau

We present 65 optical spectra of the Type Ia SN 2012fr, 33 of which were obtained before maximum light. At early times, SN 2012fr shows clear evidence of a high-velocity feature (HVF) in the Si lambda 6355 line that can be cleanly decoupled from the lower velocity "photospheric" component. This Si lambda 6355 HVF fades by phase - 5; subsequently, the photospheric component exhibits a very narrow velocity width and remains at a nearly constant velocity of similar to 12,000 km s(-1) until at least five weeks after maximum brightness. The Ca II infrared triplet exhibits similar evidence for both a photospheric component at v approximate to 12,000 km s(-1) with narrow line width and long velocity plateau, as well as an HVF beginning at v approximate to 31,000 km s(-1) two weeks before maximum. SN 2012fr resides on the border between the "shallow silicon" and "core-normal" subclasses in the Branch et al. classification scheme, and on the border between normal and high-velocity Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) in the Wang et al. system. Though it is a clear member of the "low velocity gradient" group of SNe Ia and exhibits a very slow light-curve decline, it shows key dissimilarities with the overluminous SN 1991T or SN 1999aa subclasses of SNe Ia. SN 2012fr represents a well-observed SN Ia at the luminous end of the normal SN Ia distribution and a key transitional event between nominal spectroscopic subclasses of SNe Ia.Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for All-sky Astrophysics (CAAS-TRO) CE110001020Australian Research Council Future Fellowship FT0992259CONICYT through FONDECYT grant 3110142Millennium Center for Supernova Science P10-064-FEU/FP7 via an ERC grantFONDECYT 3120227Programa Bicentenario de Ciencia y Tecnologia de CONICYTPrograma Iniciativa Cientifica Milenio de MIDEPLANPRIN-INAFproject "Transient Universe: from ESO Large to PESSTO"NSF AST-0847157, AST-1008343, AST-1211916, AST-0907903| Richard and Rhoda Goldman FundChristopher R. Redlich FundTABASGO FoundationW.M. Keck FoundationNASAAstronom