Time domain electromagnetic surveys for assisting in determining the groundwater resources on Kawela Plantation property, Island of Molokai

"This report contains the results of surface Time Domain Electromagnetic (TDEM) geophysical surveys performed for groundwater resource evaluation at the Kawela Plantation Property located approximately two miles east of the town of Kaunakakai on the Island of Molokai. Blackhawk a Division of ZAPATA ENGINEERING (Blackhawk) conducted the surveys from January 13 through 16, 2006 for Kawela Plantation Homeowners Association (Kawela) of Kaunakakai, Hawaii and Tom Nance Water Resources Engineering (TNWRE) of Honolulu, Hawaii. TDEM is a geophysical method that determines from the surface the geoelectric section (resistivity layering) of the subsurface. From the geoelectric section, information about geology and water quality can be inferred. This is possible because the electrical resistivity of the earth depends on lithology, porosity, the degree of saturation, and concentration of dissolved solids in the groundwater. The main objective of the TDEM surveys on Molokai was to explore for possible basal groundwater occurrences at the survey areas. The TDEM surveys were conducted along the approximate 525 ft (160 m) elevation level on Kawela Plantation Properties I, II and III located above the town of Kawela, Hawaii. Geophysical surveys, combined with other hydrogeologic information, are used to provide optimum locations for well placement and well completion depths."Kawela Plantation Homeowners AssociationTom Nance Water Resources Engineerin