Over the past two decades, investigations on deep marine sediments have revealed the occurrenceand activity of unexpected microbial communities. Many representatives of Archaea and Bacteria were reportedbut micro-eukaryotes and especially fungal communities are still poorly studied in this ecosystem. In this underexplored context, molecular- and culture-based approaches were used to characterize the diversityof fungal communities in deep subsurface sediments using the Canterbury Basin as a model system. The main results of this work are: (i) The molecular DNA-based approach provided direct evidence that the fungal communities persist until the record depth of 1,740 meters below sea floor. (ii) Supplementary approaches targeting rRNA and mRN...