The Effect of Smoking on Periodontal Tissues and Implant Osseointegration

Background: Smoking is a huge problem of our society. According to the World Health Organisation every third person in a world smokes and they start smoking at younger age without thinking about consequences. Tobacco smoke contains more than 7000 different chemical molecules and compounds, a lot of them have carcinogenic properties which can cause structural changes in bones and oral mucosa. Objectives: By using scientific publications elucidate smoking influence for periodontal tissues, alveolar bone structure and dental implant osseointegration. Work tasks: 1. Analyze smoking influence to bone structure. 2. Analyze smoking influence to periodontal tissues. 3. Analyze smoking influence to dental implant osseointegration and compare with non-smokers. Materials and methods: The research was done using databases approved and subscribed by LSMU: Pubmed, Science Direct. Scientific publications selection covered full text publications in English language from 2008 to 2018. Results: Smoking risk for periodontal tissues and dental implant osseointegration was analysed. Majority of the scientific articles indicates that smoking causes hypoxia and inadequate blood supply in periodontal tissues. Because of these reasons cells proliferation and regeneration processes are disrupted. According to the studies, smoking is one of the risk factors for dental implant complications after implantation procedures. Conclusions: Smoking slows down periodontal tissue cells activity, their proliferation and regeneration. Smokers have lower bone density, they lose statistically more alveolar bone around implant and have deeper dental pockets comparing with non-smokers. Smoking is not an absolute contraindication for dental implants but before surgical procedures we have to consider longer tissue healing and higher complication risk factor