[[alternative]]The Changing Roles and Missions of the US Military Forces in the Post-Cold War Era--The Organizational Process, Bureaucratic Politics and their Impact on Organizations

[[abstract]]在冷戰期間美國外交政策最重要後盾且花費最龐大的美國軍事力量，於後冷戰時期繼續在美國外交政策執行上扮演重要角色。沙漠風暴軍事行動的成功，使許多美國人相信，美軍能夠繼續應付後冷戰時期美國在全球所面臨的挑戰。許多美國的軍事分析家認為，在後冷戰時期，未來發生類似沙漠風暴如此大規模傳統戰爭的可能性將微乎其微，因此，未來美軍涉入低度發展國家的種族衝突、和平維持行動、反恐怖行動、臨時性的干預及其他非傳統性任務的優先順序，將高於從事大規模傳統戰。因此，為因應後冷戰時期的軍事需求，美國軍方的角色與任務必須重新調整。為解決美軍角色與任務的爭議；美國的國防組織歷經多次重組，但問題依舊存在；後冷戰時期，美軍所面臨的新挑戰，包括部隊的快速佈署，及其執行他非傳統性的任務。然而，顯而易見的是，美國各軍種對這些非軍事或非傳統性的任務，並不感興趣，而未投入大量的資源，組織程序模式及官僚政冶模型提供了美軍抗拒改變的部份解釋。展望未來，美國國內對美軍角色與任務的爭議仍將持續，但是，由於美國目前在國際體系中的獨霸地位，現有的美軍武力結構，尚足以應付對美國國家安全與利益的潛在威脅。柯林頓政府已於一九尢九年宣佈將在未來十年內增加二千億美元於國防預算上，此舉勢將使美國各軍種間產生另一波的資源競爭，並使美國武力的結構產生新的改變。 The military force, both the most prominent symbol and most expensive component of American foreign policy during the Cold War, has continued to play the most important role in American's post-Cold War foreign policy. Its dramatic success during Operation Desert Storm led many American to believe that it was ready to meet the challenges ahead. A major conventional war, which was the primary threat during the Cold War, and fought in Operation Desert Storm, is almost universally believed by most American military analysts to be near the bottom of the list of likely contingencies faced the foreseeable future. Most analysts see involvement in ethnic conflict in the less developed countries, peace operations, counter-terrorism, narcotics intervention, and other non-traditional missions ranking ahead of large-scale wars. Therefore, in order to meet the military need in the post-Cold War era, the roles and the missions of the US military force has to be changed accordingly. To solve the disputes of the roles and missions of the military force, the defense organization of the US has been reorganized many times, but the old questions remained unsolved. In the post-Cold War era, the US military force faces new challenges, including rapid force projection and execution of other non-traditional missions. However, it is very obvious that the US military forces are not interested in the non-military and non-traditional missions and don't invest lots of their resources in these missions. This can be partly explained by the Organizational Process Model and the Bureaucratic Politics Model. In the future, the disputes about the roles and missions of the US military force will continue in the US. However, because of the dominant role that the US enjoy in contemporary international system, the present US military structure is enough to cope with the potential threat for the national security and interests. The Clinton administration has announced in 1999 that the US will increase 200 billion US dollars in national defense budget in next 10 years. This will lead to another wave of competition among the US military forces, and bring about new structural change for the US military force