Maaseudun vesihuoltoteknologian valinta kestävän kehityksen 6 tavoitteen saavuttamiseksi Amharassa, Etiopiassa

This Master’s thesis was done for a rural water supply development project, COWASH. To date, it has mainly implemented basic water point supplies, hand-dug wells with hand pumps and on-spot spring protections. Many of these have come to the end of their lifetime. It is necessary to analyze whether there are better options to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals and Ethiopian Growth and Transformation Plan tar-gets. The SDGs set high targets for future development, focusing on sustainability and resilience to end poverty in all forms. Goal 6.1 covers drinking water and is the focus in this study. The study area is a part of Yeloma kebele, a small rural village in Ethiopia. Currently the only sources of drinking water are hand-dug wells with hand-pumps. Three technical options were included, a hand-dug well with hand pump, a piped water supply (larger solar scheme) and an extended water point supply (smaller solar scheme). The three options were compared based on their life-cycle costs, which were calculated for 10 years. Water safety, water availability, water quantity, functionality, management of the water supply system and social issues were also included in the comparison. In the field work phase household and WASHCO questionnaires were conducted for basic information on the community. Water quality was tested in existing wells. Based on the life-cycle costs hand pumps were clearly found to be the cheapest option and smaller solar the most expensive. However, hand pumps in this area cannot come any closer to the SDGs. Both solar schemes have the possibility of improving water quality and reducing collection times. The smaller solar schemes cannot achieve all the possible technical advantages, as there is a problem with water quantity and joined standposts cannot be built closer to the households. The larger scheme could provide enough water for separate household connections. Solar pumping is a major opportunity to improve service levels. It is necessary to analyze the effectiveness for each scheme separately. In the study area, solar pumping might be a suitable trial system for a school in need of large quantities of water for drinking and sanitation use