Analysis of possible constructions of underground dams in Slovenia

Voda je za človeštvo osnovna življenjska dobrina, prav tako je pomembna v druge namene, kot so rekreacija, transport, namakanje v kmetijstvu itd. Tega so se v preteklosti zavedale že stare civilizacije, zato so se lotile na več načinov zajeziti čim večje količine podzemne vode, za obdobje, ki bi le te primanjkovalo. Eden izmed teh načinov je izgradnja podzemnega jezu. V svetu je podzemni jez prisoten že v več državah, v Sloveniji pa ga še ne poznamo. Namen magistrskega dela je razširiti poznavanje narave podzemnih jezov in opraviti razmislek ter analizo predelov Slovenije, kjer bi ga bilo možno zgraditi. Zato sem si zastavil naslednje vprašanje: »Ali je v Pomurju možen dvig podzemne vode z izvedbo podzemnega jezu?« in nanj poskušal odgovoriti s preučevanjem razpoložljive literature, različnimi izračuni in izrisom karte. Na osnovi analize raziskovanja sem prišel do zaključka, da je v Sloveniji, predvsem na območju Pomurja možen dvig podzemne vode z izgradnjo podzemnega jezu, z upoštevanjem odločitev o načrtovanju izgradnje neprepustnega ali polprepustnega jezu. S tem je povezana primernost lokacije, določanje tipologije in izbira materialov za gradnjo podzemnega jezu. Analiza je pokazala, da bi bilo zaradi hidrogeoloških razmer, nastopajočih na območjih Slovenije in nezahtevne gradnje, možno izvesti polprepusten jez z injekcijsko zaveso, predvsem v zahodnem in centralnem ter jugovzhodnem Pomurju, na območju prehoda med odprtim in zaprtim vodonosnikom v centralnem delu območja. Tako bi se podzemna voda lahko dvignila v razponu od 2,0 m do 3,5 m.Water represents a basic human resourceit is also important for recreational activities, transport, irrigation system in agriculture etc. Ancient civilisations knew its value, so they invented different ways of collecting underground water for the times of need - one of them was building underground dams. Underground dams are already present in several countries across the globe, Slovenia, however, is not one of them. The purpose of my master thesis was to collect as much information as possible about the nature of underground dams and to determine best places where they could be built. With the help of available literature, various calculations and map plotting, I was trying to evaluate if it would be possible to raise groundwater with the implementation of an underground dam in Pomurje region. Based on the analysis I had made during this research, I came to the conclusion that it is possible to raise groundwater with using underground dams. That being said, we must also take into the account what type of dam will we choose especially since the plan to construct a nonpermeable or semi-permeable dam depends on the suitability of the site, typology of the terrain as well as the choice of materials used for the construction. The analysis also showed that due to present hydrogeological conditions and undemanding contruction, it is possible to carrry out a semi-permeable dam with an injection curtain, in the western, central and south-eastern Pomurje region, at the transition area between open and closed aquifers in the central part of the region. Therefore, groundwater could rise in the range of 2.0 m to 3.5 m