F-16XL Hybrid Reynolds-Averaged NavierStokes/Large Eddy Simulation on Unstructured Grids

The Cranked-Arrow Wing Aerodynamics Project International investigation is continued with the FUN3D and USM3D flow solvers to fuse flight test, wind-tunnel test, and simulation of swept-wing aerodynamic features. Simulations of a low-speed, high-angle-of-attack condition are compared: detached-eddy simulation, modified delayed detached-eddy simulation, and the SpalartAllmaras Reynolds-averaged NavierStokes model. Isosurfaces of Q criterion show the development of coherent primary and secondary vortices on the upper surface of the wing that spiral, burst, and commingle. Mean detached-eddy simulation and modified delayed detached-eddy simulation pressures better predict the flight-test measurements than SpalartAllmaras model predictions, especially on the outer-wing section. The USM3D simulations predicted many sharp tones in volume point pressure spectra with low broadband noise, and the FUN3D simulations predicted more broadband noise with weaker tones. Spectra of the volume points near the outer-wing leading edge were primarily broadband for both codes. Time-averaged forces are very similar between FUN3D simulations and between USM3D simulations, but FUN3D predicts slightly higher lift and lower drag than USM3D. There is more variation in the pitching moment predictions. Spectra of the unsteady forces and moment are mostly broadband for FUN3D and tonal for USM3D simulations