Potential of Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detecting Viruses, Fungi, Bacteria, Mycoplasma-like Organisms, Mycotoxins, and Hormones

Enz-vme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELlSA) is one of the most widely employed serological tests. For example, the double antibody sandwich (DAS-ELlSA) technique has been successfully employed for the detection of various rhizobia, to assess the quality of inoculum, and to assess the establishment of the inoculated rhizobial strains in soil. This technique can also distinguish bet ween different strains o fR hi~obiumE. LISA has successfully been adapted to direct antigen coating (DAC-ELISA) and protein A coating (PAC) procedures for the detection and assay of fveralpeanut viruses. DAC-ELlSA is a simple and useful tool for virus detection in field surveys hd in seed samples. Both DA C- and PA C- ELISA are more convenient to use lbr the detection of large numbers of antigens than DAS-EL ISA. More recently, a competitive ELISA procedure has been developed to detect up to 2 ng aflatoxin B, in goundnut seed samples