Universal Fluctuations of Floquet Topological Invariants at Low Frequencies

We study the low-frequency dynamics of periodically driven one-dimensional systems hosting Floquet topological phases. We show, both analytically and numerically, in the low frequency limit Omega -> 0, the topological invariants of a chirally symmetric driven system exhibit universal fluctuations. While the topological invariants in this limit nearly vanish on average over a small range of frequencies, we find that they follow a universal Gaussian distribution with a width that scales as 1 root Omega. We explain this scaling based on a diffusive structure of the winding numbers of the Floquet-Bloch evolution operator at low frequency. We also find that the maximum quasienergy gap remains finite and scales as Omega(2). Thus, we argue that the adiabatic limit of a Floquet topological insulator is highly structured, with universal fluctuations persisting down to very low frequencies