Präzisionsröntgenspektroskopie zur absoluten Wellenlängenbestimmung an hochgeladenen Ionen

Within this work the first absolute high-precision wavelength measurements on highly charged ions using the Bond-method were carried out. Measuring the Lyman-alpha1 transition in Ar17+, and the resonance line (1s2p 1P1 -> 1s2 1S0, "w") in Ar16+ resulted in an energy of 3323.035(60) eV (absolute) and 3139.583(6) eV (relative). These are so far the most precice absolute- and relative measurements of x-ray transitions in highly charged ions. The errors are 18 ppm and 2 ppm, respectively, and the results agree well with theoretical predictions. The experiments to determine the wavelengths of these lines and also of the Lyman-alpha1 line in Cl16+, the "w" line in Cl15+, as well as the "z" transition (1s2s 3S1 ->1s2 1S0) in Ar16+ were performed at the Heidelberger EBIT. Therefore a novel, highly accurate technique of Bragg-angle determination was developed employing two beams of visible light reflected on the x-ray crystal to identify the incoming direction of the reflected x-rays. A new spectrometer which uses the new technique in combination with the Bond-method was designed and built up. The results indicate, that in the near future a precision of 1 ppm is achievable and, hence, the most accurate test of QED calculations for one-, two- and more-electron systems can be implemented. Furthermore the goal to provide a large variety of reference lines and finally to establish a new x-ray standard becomes accessible