A Micro-Level Approach to Recommendations for Combating a Potential Outbreak of a Chloroquine-Resistant Malaria (CRM) Strain in the Country of Haiti

Malaria is a worldwide public health burden that has been reported by the World Health Organization (WHO) to cause roughly 219 million cases of disease in 2010 with an estimated 660,000 deaths (2013). In the Caribbean nation of Haiti, malaria remains endemic. Confirmed malaria cases reported in Haiti increased from 10,802 in 2004 to 49,535 in 2009 (WHO, 2009a). Currently, P. falciparum is the predominant species to cause disease in Haiti, and unfortunately, the same species that is most likely to cause severe malaria; responsible for most malarial deaths globally (WHO, 2009a). Fortunately though, if treated early, a readily available drug, chloroquine phosphate, can effectively treat this strain. However, although chloroquine has proved to be an effective cure for nearly 40 years, the emergence and spread of chloroquine-resistant parasites are occurring both worldwide and in Haiti. The impact of these resistant cases on this already impoverished nation could be devastating. This document will outline three recommendations to serve as practical public health strategies on how to lower the risks associated with malaria, thus combating a potential outbreak of chloroquine-resistant malaria (CRM) in Haiti.Master of Public Healt