International audienceWest Africa undergoes, since more than about forty years, a degradation of the agricultural landscapes. The strong climatic variability of these last decades is one of determining factors of these transformations. It is translated by a decrease of the precipitation and an important case of the periods of rainfall deficit repercussions of which are obvious on the agrarian systems. The rice soils of Low Casamance, a beautiful example of the «agrarian civilizations» of western Africa, translate the current dynamics in the "Rivers of the South". These spaces, which concentrate numerous human activities, present strong natural and socioeconomic constraints, which have consequences on the rice systems. The analysis of the ri...