Prognosis of the comorbid heart failure and Anemia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

AbstractBackgroundAnemia is found to be an independent risk factor of morbidity, mortality and hospitalization among patients with heart failure. The prevalence, as the potential treatment options of anemia in HF has received increasing clinical interest and epidemiological studies have indicated a variation in the prevalence of anemia in patients with HF.MethodElectronic search took place in the databases: Pubmed, Cochrane and CINAHL to locate studies in English that investigated the effect of anemia in patients with HF. The overall pooled effect (relative risk, RR) of anemia as comorbid factor compared with HF patients without anemia was estimated by using a random effects analysis (95% confidence interval (CI) for the outcomes of HF — related mortality rate, re-hospitalization and physical condition.ResultsTwenty-six studies were selected. In the overall RR of mortality, re-hospitalization and extended hospitalization was 1.70, 95% CI (1.47–1.98), p