The role of estrogen in the survival of ovarian tumors—A study of the human ovarian adenocarcinoma cell lines OC-117-VGH and OVCAR3

AbstractBackgroundThe role of estrogen in the growth and survival of ovarian cancer cells is controversial. In this study, we investigated the changes in cell-cycle regulatory proteins in ovarian cancer cell lines after estrogen treatment to explore the role of estrogen in ovarian cancers.MethodsTwo ovarian adenocarcinoma cell lines were used for the study: the first, OC-117-VGH, was deficient in estrogen receptors (ER)α and ERβ, and the second, OVCAR3, was positive for ERα and ERβ. Serial concentrations of estrogen were used to evaluate the effects of estrogen on the survival of ovarian cancer cells. The cell-cycle regulatory proteins, including cyclin D1, cyclin E, p16/INK4a, and p27/KIP1, were used to check the possible mechanism of an estrogen effect on survival of the cancer cell line.ResultsEstrogen 0.01–1.0μM inhibited the growth of both cell lines. There were no differences in cyclin D1 and E expression between the two cell lines after estrogen treatment, but the expression of p16/INK4a and p27/KIP1 was significantly higher in the OC-1170-VGH cell line than in the OVCAR3 cell line.ConclusionAlthough the ER-positive and ER-negative ovarian cancer cell lines were inhibited by estrogen, the influence of cell-cycle regulatory proteins was different between the two, suggesting that the inhibitory effect of estrogen on ovarian cancer cell lines might be mediated through different pathways