Figuring the Happiness of Poor Communities in Malang City: Measuring the Outcome of Slum and Squatter Areas

AbstractCitizen happiness is one of the attributes to measure the quality of life. It is known that the government city development priority, one of them is offering the citizens all the required services and developing sustainable city program then achieve happiness standard. If government cannot afford it for the people, it can be counted as failures for them. The main goal of this research is to figure out the happiness condition in Malang City, which was focused on happiness of poor communities. Happiness conditions were depicted on index that carried from Gross National Happiness Index (GNHI) method. There are 6 variables that were considered based on the necessities of life aspects which were health, education, good governance, community vitality, environment, and living standard. From the results, it can be described that the highest value of happiness index of poor communities in Malang City is more than 0.77. Those values were figured from city center areas which include Klojen, Gadingkasri, Kasin, Ketawanggede, Kota Lama, and Sawojajar sub-district. Then the lowest value of happiness index is less than 0.55, covered fringe areas