Factors correlated with developing caries during orthodontic treatment: Changes in saliva and behavioral risks

AbstractBackground/purposeThe aim of this study was to identify salivary changes during orthodontic treatment with follow-up for 30 months.Materials and methodsIn 25 patients salivary markers (unstimulated and stimulated saliva, buffer capacity, and pH) were evaluated. The decayed, missing, and filled surfaces (DMFS) index, plaque index (O’Leary), and a questionnaire were employed to evaluate patient’s hygiene and dietary habits. Data were analyzed by a paired t test, a MANOVA model with repeated-measures analysis, a multiple-regression analysis, and a Spearman correlation test.ResultsDuring treatment, the DMFS index increased significantly (P=0.007), the plaque index decreased by 28.4%, and the unstimulated salivary flow showed differences (P=0.009). Stimulated saliva flow increased in females after placement of the appliance; the buffer capacity diminished in males during therapy, and salivary pH remained at basal values. Statistically significant associations were revealed by the multiple-regression analysis and Spearman test; the salivary factors of the unstimulated salivary flow rate, buffer capacity, and pH were associated with the final DMFS index (P