Encouraging Public Transport Use to Reduce Traffic Congestion and Air Pollutant: A Case Study of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

AbstractTraffic congestion and transportation-related environmental pollution are identified as the severe problems in many countries all over the world, especially in the developing countries, and Vietnam is also not an exception. In the context of Ho Chi Minh City, the biggest city located in Southern in Vietnam, millions of student and employee annually immigrate there to live, work and study; therefore, encouraging them to use bus service to reduce pressure on urban environment and traffic and transport is significant. The goal of this study was to recognize the behaviour of mode choice among student and employee using disaggregate model. To achieve this goal, binary logit model was used under disaggregate choice method. The findings indicated that, for student, ‘Gender’, ‘Motorcycle ownership’, ‘Travel time’, ‘Travel distance’, ‘Migrant status’, ‘Convenience’, ‘Safety’, and ‘Awareness’ affected their mode choices; for employee, ‘Married’, ‘Income’, ‘Children’, ‘House ownership’, ‘Motorcycle ownership’, ‘Migrant status’, ‘Travel cost’, ‘Travel distance’, ‘Convenience’, ‘Safety’, ‘Awareness’, and ‘Social norms’ played vital roles in their choices of means of transport. Besides, although motorcycle was the premier transport mode for both employee and student every day, they showed their perceptions of the negative sides of motorcycle to environment and community, and also expressed their willingness to switch to travel by bus if public transportation infrastructure and quality were upgraded