Disadvantaged Workers in the Italian Labour Market: Gender and Regional Gaps

Disadvantaged conditions in the Italian labour market are analysed by considering unemployment gender gaps within the three main geographical areas which characterise the Italian economy (North, Centre and South). We use a Transition Probability Matrix approach to identify the relevant labour market flows which may determine the male–female discouragement worker effect gap. In addition, we perform econometric estimations which enable us to ascertain the relevance of, in particular, education and geographical factors related to structural differences in the overall economy, in determining such a gap