Symmetric extensions of dihedral quandles and triple points of non-orientable surfaces

AbstractQuandles with involutions that satisfy certain conditions, called good involutions, can be used to color non-orientable surface-knots. We use subgroups of signed permutation matrices to construct non-trivial good involutions on extensions of odd order dihedral quandles.For the smallest example R˜3 of order 6 that is an extension of the three-element dihedral quandle R3, various symmetric quandle homology groups are computed, and applications to the minimal triple point number of surface-knots are given