Mammalian Reovirus L2 Gene and λ2 Core Spike Protein Sequences and Whole-Genome Comparisons of Reoviruses Type 1 Lang, Type 2 Jones, and Type 3 Dearing

AbstractThe reovirus L2 genome segment encodes the core spike protein λ2, which mediates enzymatic reactions in 5′ capping of the viral plus-strand transcripts. Complete nucleotide-sequence determinations were made for the L2 genome segments of eight mammalian reoviruses, including the prototype isolates of serotypes 1 and 2: Lang (T1L) and Jones (T2J), respectively. Each L2 segment was found to be 3912 or 3915 bases in length. Partial nucleotide-sequence determinations were also made for the 3916-base L2 segment of reovirus type 3 Dearing (T3D), the prototype isolate of serotype 3. The whole-genome sequence of reovirus T3D was reported previously. The T1L L2 analysis represents completion of the whole-genome sequence of that isolate as well. The T2J L2 analysis leaves only the sequence of the M1 segment yet to be reported from the genome of that isolate. The T2J M1 sequence made available from analysis in another lab was used for initiating whole-genome comparisons of reoviruses T1L, T2J, and T3D in this report. The nine L2 gene sequences and deduced λ2 protein sequences were used to gain further insights into the biological variability, structure, and functions of λ2 through comparisons of the sequences and reference to the crystal structure of core-bound λ2. Phylogenetic comparisons suggest the presence of three evolutionary lines of divergent L2 alleles among the nine isolates. Localized regions of conserved amino acids in the λ2 crystal structure include active-site clefts of the RNA capping enzyme domains, sites of interactions between λ2 domains within the pentameric spike structure, and sites of interaction between λ2 subunits and other proteins in viral particles