The concept of a random coil: Residual structure in peptides and denatured proteins

Non-native states of proteins are of increasing interest because of their relevance to issues such as protein folding, translocation and stability. A framework for interpreting the wealth of experimental data for non-native states emerging from rapid advances in experimental techniques involves comparison with a ‘random coil’ state, which possesses no structure except that inherent in the local interactions. We review here the concept of a random coil, from its global to its local properties. In particular, we focus on the description of a random coil in terms of statistical distributions in ϕ, ψ space. We show that such a model, in combination with experimental data, provides insight into the structural properties of polypeptide chains and has significance for understanding protein folding and for molecular design