KEANEKARAGAMAN ARTHROPODA PERMUKAAN TANAH PADA BERBAGAI PENGGUNAAN LAHAN DI LERENG GUNUNG LAWU KALISORO, TAWANGMANGU

KEANEKARAGAMAN ARTHROPODA PERMUKAAN TANAH PADA BERBAGAI PENGGUNAAN LAHAN DI LERENG GUNUNG LAWU KALISORO, TAWANGMANGU Naning Noviani Jurusan Biologi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta ABSTRAK Arthropoda permukaan tanah berperan dalam perombakan bahan organik. Peruntukan lahan yang berbeda, termasuk vegetasi di atasnya, mempengaruhi populasi dan komposisi arthropoda permukaan tanah. Penggunaan pestisida pada lahan hortikultura, diduga mempengaruhi keanekaragaman arthropoda yang ada. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui indeks keanekaragaman arthropoda permukaan tanah pada lahan hortikultura rendah pestisida dan lahan hortikultura tinggi pestisida di lereng Gunung Lawu, Kalisoro, Tawangmangu. Koleksi arthropoda permukaan tanah dilakukan dengan metode pit fall trap untuk menangkap spesimen yang aktif di permukaan tanah. Lahan hortikultura rendah pestisida diwakili oleh lahan stevia dan wortel, lahan hortikultura tinggi pestisida diwakili oleh lahan cabai dan kubis. Lokasi sampling ditentukan dengan metode purposive sampling. Indeks dinyatakan dengan Indeks Diversitas Simpson. Hubungan antar keanekaragaman arthropoda permukaan tanah dengan faktor lingkungan abiotik dianalisis dengan korelasi Pearson. Ditemukan 17 spesies dari 3 Kelas yaitu Insecta, Arachnida dan Diplopoda. Indeks keanekaragaman berturut-turut dari yang tertinggi adalah lahan hortikultura wortel (0.944), lahan hortikultura stevia (0,7804), lahan hortikultura kubis (0,6969) dan lahan hortikultura cabai (0,6451). Faktor lingkungan yang paling menentukan indeks keanekaragaman arthropoda permukaan tanah adalah bahan organik tanah (r = 0.990). Kata Kunci: Keanekaragaman, Arthropoda Permukaan Tanah, Berbagai Lahan, Gunung Lawu DIVERSITY OF SOIL SURFACE ARTHROPODS IN VARIOUS LAND USED IN MOUNT LAWU KALISORO, TAWANGMANGU Naning Noviani Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematic and Science Sebelas Maret University Surakarta ABSTRACT Soil surface Arthropods have role in decomposition of soil organic substances. Different field purposes with their vegetation affect to the arthropod population dan composition. Pesticide utilization may influence to the arthropod presence. This study aims to find out diversity of soil surface arthropods in the horticulture area with different pesticide level in Lawu Mountainside, Kalisoro, Tawangmangu. Arthropods were collected by using pit fall trap method. By using this method, active arthropods in the soil surface are able to catch easily. Vegetation in the low level pesticide area were stevia and carrot, while in the high one were chili and cabbage. Sampling location was determined by using purposive sampling method. The diversity index was determined by using Simpson Diversity Index. Relationship of soil surface arthropods diversity and abiotic environment factors were analyzed by using Pearson Correlation test. This study found 17 species of 3 classes such as Insect, Arachnid, and Diplopod. Diversity index from the highest to the lowest one are respectively in carrot field (0.94), stevia field (0.78), cabbage field (0.69), and chili field (0.65). Environment factor that most determines diversity of soil surface arthropods is soil organic contens (r = 0.99). Keywords : Diversity, Soil Surface Arthropods, Land used, Mount Law