AbstractAddiction is a chronic disease involving system of brain reward, motivation and memory. Its development is associated with different neurotransmitter systems. Of vital significance is dopaminergic transmission in the mesolimbic system, which is under modulatory influence of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters. In this article, we discuss different concepts and hypothesis that attempt to explain mechanisms associated with addiction. According to the incentive-sensitisation view, addiction is a result of progressive neuroadaptation and is associated with sensitisation of brain systems that mediate a reward (“wanting”) but do not mediate the pleasurable effects of drugs (“liking”). In other theories, addiction is related to lea...