MIF inhibition reverts the gene expression profile of human melanoma cell line-induced MDSCs to normal monocytes

AbstractMyeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are potently immunosuppressive innate immune cells that accumulate in advanced cancer patients and actively inhibit anti-tumor T lymphocyte responses [1]. Increased numbers of circulating MDSCs directly correlate with melanoma patient morbidity and reduced anti-tumor immune responses [2,3]. Previous studies have revealed that monocyte-derived macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is necessary for the immune suppressive function of MDSCs in mouse models of melanoma [4,5]. To investigate whether MIF participates in human melanoma-induced MDSC differentiation and/or suppressive function, we have established an in vitro MDSC induction model using primary, normal human monocytes co-cultured with human melanoma cell lines in the presence or absence of the MIF antagonist—4-IPP [4,6–9]. To identify potential mechanistic effectors, we have performed transcriptome analyses on cultured monocytes and on melanoma-induced MDSCs obtained from either untreated or 4-IPP-treated A375:monocyte co-cultures. Here, we present a detailed protocol, which can facilitate easy reproduction of the microarray results (NCBI GEO accession number GSE73333) published by Yaddanapudi et al. (2015) in Cancer Immunology Research [10]