Myosin light chain kinase phosphorylation in nitrovasodilator induced swine carotid artery relaxation

AbstractNitrovasodilators are hypothesized to induce smooth muscle relaxation by their metabolism to nitric oxide, which then activates soluble guanylyl cyclase, increases [cGMP], and activates cGMP-dependent protein kinase. cGMP-dependent phosphorylation is then proposed to decrease intracellular [Ca2+] ([Ca2+]i) and to reduce the Ca2+-sensitivity of contraction. We hypothesized that one component of decreased Ca2+-sensitivity, reduced Ca2+-sensitivity of MLC phosphorylation, was due to phosphorylation of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) on the peptide site A. In the swine carotid artery, histamine (10 μM) stimulation increased aequorin-estimated [Ca2+]i, MLCK site A phosphorylation, MLC phosphorylation, and force. Subsequent addition of 100 μM nitroglycerin (NTG) or 100 μM sodium nitroprusside (NP) to histamine-stimulated tissues increased [cGMP], decreased both MLC phosphorylation and force, but did not significantly alter [cAMP], [Ca2+]i, or MLCK site A phosphorylation. Addition of NTG and NP alone to unstimulated tissues increased MLCK site A phosphorylation, but did not alter [Ca2+]i. In tissues preincubated with NP, subsequent histamine contraction was slowed compared with controls, however, this slowed rate of contraction appeared to result from an attenuation of histamine-dependent increases in [Ca2+]i. These data suggest that, in swine carotid artery, nitrovasodilators can decrease the Ca2+-sensitivity of MLC phosphorylation without increasing MLCK site A phosphorylation. Nitrovasodilators, per se, can induce site A MLCK phosphorylation, potentially by cGMP dependent activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase