The Effect of Resource Allocation Decisions on Efficiency and Equity in the Health Sector: A Systematic Review

Background: The ultimate goal of health systems is creating a healthy community through the efficient and equitable provision of health services. The proportion of equity and efficiency of health systems indicates the quality of their practice. This systematic review aims to seek evidence that show any effect of resource allocation decisions on efficiency and equity in health worldwide. Methods: Five databases including PubMed, Scopus, Ovid, ProQuest, and EBSCOHOST were searched from 1992 to 2014. Based on the inclusion criteria, 527 papers were identified, of which 11 were assessed and analyzed. Results: The 11 included studies have been conducted in different countries including USA, North Africa, Greece, China, Australia, Taiwan, and South Africa. The main methods for resource allocation included: linear programming, Markov model, cost-effectiveness analysis, per capita resource allocation, modelling the resource allocation. Conclusion: Linear and mathematical programming methods, and economic models such as Markov models can lead to equity and efficiency to some extent. These models take into account the details of treatment methods, the population under treatment, and costs of health services. &nbsp