Off-axis injection for storage rings with full coupling

The next generation of storage ring light sources will likely operate with high linear coupling, which could potentially prevent the use of off-axis injection as large horizontal oscillation of the injected beam is coupled to the vertical plane. We did experiments on the SPEAR3 storage ring to study how linear coupling impact the dynamic aperture and the off-axis injection efficiency. The results show that the dynamic aperture is significantly reduced and injection efficiency can drop to zero when operated on the coupling resonance. However, with large nonlinear detuning, the dynamic aperture and high injection efficiency can survive with the stored beam at full coupling because the injected beam is shifted away from the coupling resonance. Particle tracking simulation is also conducted to demonstrate the injected beam behavior in a nonlinear lattice with high coupling