ACTIVE FAULTS AND CHARACTERIZATION IN OSAKA AND ALMATY BY BORING DATA BASE

The active fault in Osaka is known as Uemachi fault, which had been originally identified as geomorphological feature of the Osaka high terrace. However, the position of the fault line was corrected by geotechnical information during subway construction. Later another active fault was identified by the continuous characteristics of geological formation which was later identified by seismic study. Active fault lines in Almaty were identified based upon geomorphological feature and should be confirmed by underground information of boring data and seismic study. Osaka and Almaty did not take any consideration of the active fault in the city except strong ground motions. In these cities, structural effects from fault displacements should be considered to not only independent buildings but also such lifelines of infrastructures of freeways, subway, and electric power as well gas lines. Especially, Almaty is the most dangerous situation. Geotechnical engineers in Kazakh should initiate the study of active fault and provide the damage potential and as well as effective countermeasures to protect the 1.5 million citizens in Almaty and to create resilient city