Comparison Study on the Effect of Nano and Bulk Titanium Dioxide Particles on Seeds Germination, Growth and Chemical Composition of Wheat Invitro and Invivo

The present study aimed to examine the effect of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) compared with bulk particles (BPs) on seed germination and growth of latefyha's cultivar wheat in vitro and in vivo and on chemical compositions with detecting the residuum of NPs in the plant. In the in vitro study, most concentrations of NPs and BPs have no effect on germination percentage, mean germination time, mean daily germination, promoter indicator, number of leaves, length and number of root and root tips viability but they reduced germination rate and germination value besides they induced shoot length and biomass. In the in vivo study, some parameters induced by most concentrations of NPs such as plant leaves area, leaf area index, length, of viability roots, height and total of plant length and biomass while no effect was seen on: mean daily germination, vigor index I and vigor index II, chlorophyll B, leaf area relative, in this regard, it reduced germination percentage, chlorophyll A, and carotene. There were some differences between the effect of NPs and those of BPs. There were increased in the total number of chemical compounds that identified in leaves of wheat plants treated with nanoparticles compared with control while the total numbers of compounds were decreased using bulk particles