LITERATURE REVIEW FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF DIKE’S BREACH CHANNEL MECHANISM CAUSED BY EROSION PROCESSES DURING OVERTOPPING FAILURE

The structures of the dam or dike were held long times ago to withstand against the overtopping water preserved in front of the upstream of the dike. It is represented the first hydraulic structures in history and effect on the development of irrigation engineering. Due to their objectives in reserving water, they are exposed to different failures such as overtopping failure, piping failure, sideslope failure and others. During the overtopping failure, an initial breach channel is initiated inside the dike body and extended downstream and upstream slopes of the dike due to several geotechnical parameters. The whole reservoir water is transferred from the upstream to downstream parts of dike as a result of breach failure and thus could affect on lives and properties. The engineering scientist has focused on understanding the mechanism of the breach channel development and tried to conduct a mathematical equation as well as an experimental test to observe overtopping failure. This review paper explains three types of equations; in which empirical equations, parametric equations and numerical software equations also determine the discharge of breach channel of dike. This paper is aimed to review the possible effect of different geotechnics parameters such as soil materials, dike dimensions, and scale factor on the development of erosion pro-cess during the overtopping failure. The literature review shows that the development of breach discharge is dependent mainly on some parameters more than the others. The soil type and soil grain size have played a significant role in decreasing or increasing the erosion process inside the dike