Testimony Withdrawal and Its Stipulations in the Islamic Law

A testimony is considered an essential judiciary mean of proofing innocence or guilt and maintaining personal rights, as well as preserving the judicial system from manipulation, injustice and error. A testimony, however, could be withdrawn either before or after sentencing. In case its withdrawn after sentencing, it could be before executing the punishment or after executing the punishment. There are consequences to a testimony withdrawal depending on the exact nature of the subject itself. This is the topic of my research covered in three separate sections: 1- Section one covers the definition of "testimony" and its stipulations. 2- Section two covers the definition, types, and time of "withdrawal". 3- Section three covers the consequences of withdrawing the witness testimony concerning marriage, divorce, personal properties and physical punishments. The research is concluded with a summary of the highlights of the most important findings regarding the topic